Digital Labour and “Technological Somnambulism”: The Case of Internet Content Moderation
Abstract
Langdon Winner uses the expression “technology somnambulism” referring to the fact of not taking into account the active and constitutive role technologies play in the shaping of forms of life (practices, actions, identities, etc.). Winner refers to this somnambulism in the sphere of the use of technical artefacts, but we can extend this notion to the sphere of the manufacture and operation of these artefacts and technologies, and thus speak of a “production somnambulism”. This somnambulism would be the oblivion of human labour, design, actions, decisions, and processes making possible the existence and functioning of technologies. In particular, we will deal with the somnambulism associated with the internet content moderation. We will look at what this type of digital labour consists of, its invisibility by design and the alienation it causes.
Keywords
Technology, Digital Labour, Content Moderation, Internet, PlatformsReferences
Bijker, Wiebe E.; Hughes, Thomas & Pinch, Trevor (Eds.) (2012). The Social Construction of Technological Systems. MIT Press.
Buni, Catherine & Chemaly, Soraya (2016, 13 de abril). The Secrets Rules of the Internet. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/13/11387934/internet-moderator-history-youtube-facebook-reddit-censorship-free-speech
Casilli, Antonio (2021). Esperando a los robots. Punto de Vista.
Chen, Adrian (2014, 23 de octubre). The Laborers Who Keep Dick Pics and Beheadings Out of Your Facebook Feed. Wired. http://www.wired.com/2014/10/content-moderation
Díaz, Myriam (2017). Subjetividad y trabajo viviente en la fenomenología de la vida de Michel Henry. Cinta de Moebio, 60, 254-267. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-554X2017000300254
Durán, Ronald (2020). Ética de la tecnología: acerca de la moralidad de los artefactos técnicos. Filosofia Unisinos, 21(1), 47-55.
Duque, Félix (2003). De cyborgs, superhombres y otras exageraciones. En Domingo Hernández (Ed.), Arte, cuerpo, tecnología (pp. 167-187). Universidad de Salamanca.
Dwoskin, Elizabeth (2019, 8 de mayo). Inside Facebook, the second-class workers who do the hardest job are waging a quiet battle. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/05/08/inside-facebook-second-class-workers-who-do-hardest-job-are-waging-quiet-battle/
Feenberg, Andrew (2002). Transforming Technology. A Critical Theory Revisited. Oxford University Press.
Foster, John Bellamy (1998). New Introduction. En Harry Braverman (Ed.), Labor and Monopoly Capital (pp. ix-xxiv). Monthly Review Press.
Gillespie, Tarleton (2018). Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decision that Shaped Social Media. Yale University Press.
Gray, Mary L. & Suri, Siddharth (2019). Ghost Work. How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Haraway, Donna (1991). Simians, Cyborgs, and Women. The Reinvention of Nature. Routledge.
Iacono, Alfonso M. (2016). The History and Theory of Fetishim. Palgrave-Macmillan.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2018). Digital Labour Platforms and the Future of Work. Towards Decent Work in the Online World. Autor. https://dds.cepal.org/redesoc/portal/publicaciones/ficha/?id=4831
Joerges, Bernward (1999). Do Politics Have Artefacts? Social Studies of Science, 29(3), 411-431. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-335706
Larraín, Jorge (2007). El concepto de ideología. Vol 1. Carlos Marx. Lom.
Latour, Bruno (2002). Morality and Technology: The End of the Means. Theory, Culture & Society, 19(5/6), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327602761899246
Leonard, Annie (2014). La historia de las cosas. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Marx, Karl (2015). Manuscritos económico-filosóficos. Colihue.
Marx, Karl (2017). El capital. Crítica de la economía política. Libro Primero. Siglo XXI.
McAllister, Matthew (2011). Consumer Culture and New Media: Commodity Fetishism in the Digital Era. En Stylianos Papathanassopoulos (Ed.), Media Perspectives for the 21st Century (pp. 149-165). Routledge.
Mcallister, Matthew (2015). Commodity Fetishism. En Daniel Thomas Cook & J. Michael Ryan (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Consumption and Consumer Studies. John Willey & Sons.
Mumford, Lewis (1964). Authoritarian and Democratic Technics. Technology and Culture, 5(1), 1-8.
Newton, Casey (2019, 25 de febrero). The Trauma Floor. The Secret Lives of Facebook Moderators in America. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/25/18229714/cognizant-facebook-content-moderator-interviews-trauma-working-conditions-arizona
Parikka, Jussi (2015). A Geology of Media. University of Minnesota Press.
Riskin, Jessica (2016). The Restless Clock. A History of the Centuries-Long Argument over What Makes Living Things Tick. University of Chicago Press.
Roberts, Sarah T. (2017, 8 de marzo). Social Media’s Silent Filter. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/03/commercial-content-moderation/518796/
Roberts, Sarah T. (2019). Behind the Screen. Content Moderation in the Shadows of Social Media. Yale University Press.
Satarino, Adam & Isaac, Mike (2021, 1 de septiembre). The silent partner cleaning up Facebook for $500 million a year. The New Yok Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/31/technology/facebook-accenture-content-moderation.html
Smyrnaios, Nikos & Marty, Emmanuel (2017). Profession « nettoyeur du net »: De la modération des commentaires sur les sites d’information français. Réseaux, 205, 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3917/res.205.0057
Srnicek, Nick (2018). Capitalismo de plataformas. Caja Negra.
Steiger, Miriah; Bharucha, Timir; Venkatagiri, Sukrit; Riedl, Martin & Lease, Matthew (2021). Commercial Moderation and Avenues for Improving Support. CHI ‘21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445092
Taylor, Astra (2018, 1 de agosto). The Automation Charade. Logic, 5. https://logicmag.io/failure/the-automation-charade/
Wendling, Amy (2009). Karl Marx on the Technology and Alienation. Palgrave-MacMillan.
Winner, Langdon (2008). La ballena y el reactor: Una búsqueda de los límites en la era de la alta tecnología. Gedisa.
Published
How to Cite
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2024 Ronald Durán Allimant
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.