Del arte de gobierno en la guerra a la gubernamentalidad post guerra.
Gestión de la población y vectores de subjetivación.
Resumo
Este artículo analiza, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura académica (2011-2020), cómo el concepto de gubernamentalidad ha sido empleado para estudiar dinámicas de gobierno en contextos de guerra y postguerra. El análisis de 58 estudios permitió identificar dos categorías principales: gubernamentalidad bélica y gubernamentalidad globalizada. La primera articula la perspectiva bélica con la gubernamentalidad foucaultiana, emplazándose mediante tecnologías de veridicción, discursos y racionalidades que legitiman prácticas de gestión poblacional durante conflictos. La segunda revela dinámicas de poder transnacionales en escenarios post-bélicos, expresadas en objetivos como la paz liberal y prácticas para gestionar poblaciones migrantes y refugiadas. Ambas operan mediante dispositivos que configuran procesos de subjetivación, donde el cuerpo emerge como superficie privilegiada de intervención. Los resultados, analizados desde el conocimiento situado, demuestran que estas prácticas operan en contextos históricos específicos, revelando tensiones entre modelos internacionales y realidades locales en la transformación de conductas poblacionales en escenarios de conflicto.
Palavras-chave
Gubernamentalidad, Guerra, Post Conflicto, Subjetividad, Política pública, Psicología socialReferências
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